OASDI
OASDI stands for Old-Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance, the official name of the federal Social Security program. On a pay stub, OASDI is the Social Security tax: 6.2% of wages up to the yearly wage base.
The FAQ explains what OASDI on your paycheck means. The same deduction is called Social Security tax elsewhere, and payroll systems may print SS, OASDI, SS-OASDI or FICA-SS.
Once your wages for the year reach the wage base, OASDI withholding stops until January. Medicare keeps going all year. Read the FICA tax guide and the FAQ on whether FICA is the same as Social Security. FICA has the rates side by side.